2022
Millennium: | 3rd millennium |
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2022 (MMXXII) was a common year starting on sábado of the Gregorian calendar, the 2022nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 22nd year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 3rd year of the 2020s decade.
2022 saw the removal of nearly all COVID-19 restrictions and the reopening of international borders in most countries, and the global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines continued. The global economic recovery from the pandemic continued, though many countries experienced an ongoing inflation surge; in response, many central banks raised their interest rates to landmark levels.[1] The world population reached eight billion people in 2022, though the year also witnessed numerous natural disasters, including two devastating Atlantic hurricanes (Fiona and Ian), and the most powerful volcano eruption of the century so far. The later part of the year also saw the first public release of ChatGPT by OpenAI starting an arms race in artificial intelligence which increased in intensity into 2023, as well as the collapse of the cryptocurrency exchange FTX.
2022 was also dominated by wars and armed conflicts. While escalations into the internal conflict in Myanmar and the Tigray War dominated the heightening of tensions within their regions and each caused over 10,000 deaths, 2022 was most notable for the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the largest armed conflict in Europe since World War II. The invasion caused the displacement of 15.7 million Ukrainians (8 million internally displaced persons and 7.7 million refugees), and led to international condemnations and sanctions and nuclear threats, the withdrawal of hundreds of companies from Russia, and the exclusion of Russia from major sporting events.
Events[editar | editar código]
January[editar | editar código]
- January 1 – The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, the largest free trade area in the world, comes into effect for Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.[2]
- January 2 – Abdalla Hamdok resigns as Prime Minister of Sudan amid deadly protests.[3]
- January 4 – The five permanent members of the UN Security Council—China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States—issue a rare joint statement affirming that "a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought."[4]
- January 5 – A nationwide state of emergency is declared in Kazakhstan in response to the 2022 Kazakh unrest. The cabinet of prime minister Askar Mamin resigns, while president Kassym-Jomart Tokayev removes former president Nursultan Nazarbayev, widely regarded as being the real power in the country, from his position as Chairman of the Security Council of Kazakhstan.[5][6][7]
- January 6 – The CSTO deploys a "peacekeeping" mission in Kazakhstan, including Russian paratroopers, following a request by Kazakh president Tokayev.[8]
- January 7 – COVID-19 pandemic: The number of COVID-19 cases exceeds 300 million worldwide.[9]
- January 9–February 6 – The 2021 Africa Cup of Nations is held in Cameroon, with Senegal winning their first championship.[10][11]
- January 10 – The first successful heart transplant from a pig to a human patient occurs in Baltimore, Maryland, United States.[12][13]
- January 15 – A large eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai, a submarine volcano in Tonga, triggers tsunami warnings in Australia, Canada, Chile, Fiji, Japan, New Zealand, Samoa, and the United States.[14]
- January 16 – World No. 1 tennis champion Novak Djokovic is deported from Australia following a high-profile legal case regarding his COVID-19 vaccination status, preventing his participation in the 2022 Australian Open.[15][16][17]
- January 23
- Tropical Storm Ana kills 115 people in Madagascar, Malawi and Mozambique, days after a series of floods killed 11 people in Madagascar.[18][19]
- A coup d'état in Burkina Faso removes president Roch Kaboré from power. The Burkinabé military cites the government's failure to contain activities of Islamist militants within the country as a reason for the coup.[20][21]
- January 28 – COVID-19 pandemic: The number of vaccinations administered worldwide exceeds 10 billion.[22]
February[editar | editar código]
- February 3 – Islamic State leader Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi is killed in Atme during a counter-terrorism raid by U.S. special forces in north-western Syria.[23]
- February 4 – China and Russia issue a joint statement opposing further NATO expansion, expressing "serious concerns" about the AUKUS security pact, and pledging to cooperate with each other on a range of issues.[24]
- February 4–20 – The 2022 Winter Olympics are held in Beijing, China, making it the first city ever to host both the Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics.[25]
- February 5 – Cyclone Batsirai kills a total of 123 people across Madagascar, Mauritius, and Réunion two weeks after Tropical Storm Ana killed 115 people in the same region.[26]
- February 6 – Queen Elizabeth II celebrates her "Platinum Jubilee", marking 70 years as Queen of the United Kingdom.[27]
- February 9 – The biggest breakthrough in fusion energy since 1997 is reported at the Joint European Torus in Oxford, the UK, with 59 megajoules produced over five seconds (11 megawatts of power), more than double the previous record.[28]
- February 21–24 – Russian President Vladimir Putin signs a decree declaring the Luhansk People's Republic and Donetsk People's Republic as independent from Ukraine, and, despite international condemnation and sanctions, begins a full-scale invasion of Ukraine; at dawn on 24 February missiles strike Kyiv.[29][30][31]
- February 26 – Russian invasion of Ukraine: The EU, US, and their allies commit to removing Russian banks from the SWIFT payment system, as well as imposing measures on the Russian Central Bank and further restrictions on Russian elites. These and other sanctions fuel a financial crisis in Russia.[32][33]
- February 27
- Russian invasion of Ukraine: Putin orders Russia's nuclear deterrent forces to be on "special alert", their highest level, in response to what he calls "aggressive statements" by NATO.[34] The move is condemned by the US.[35]
- Russian invasion of Ukraine: European nations ban Russian flights in their airspace.[36]
- In a constitutional referendum, Belarus votes to revoke its non-nuclear status and to allow the country to host Russian forces permanently.[37][38]
- February 28
- The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) releases the second part of its Sixth Assessment Report on climate change. It concludes that many impacts are on the verge of becoming "irreversible".[39][40]
- Russian invasion of Ukraine: Russian and Ukrainian officials meet on the Belarus-Ukraine border for the first round of peace talks, with no resolution.[41]
- Russian invasion of Ukraine: Football governing bodies FIFA and UEFA suspend Russian clubs and national teams from all competitions.[42]
- 2022 Russian financial crisis: In an unprecedented move, Switzerland, Monaco, Singapore and South Korea impose unilateral sanctions over Russia including the introduction of export controls and asset freezes.[43][44][45]
March[editar | editar código]
- March 1
- Russian invasion of Ukraine: World Athletics bans both Russia and Belarus from competing in all of its events.[46]
- Russian invasion of Ukraine: In an emergency session, United Nations member states pass a resolution deploring Russia's invasion of Ukraine and calling for the immediate withdrawal of its forces.[47]
- March 2
- Russian invasion of Ukraine: Russia seizes its first large city, the Black Sea port of Kherson, as shelling intensifies across many parts of Ukraine, including civilian areas.[48]
- Russian invasion of Ukraine: The United Nations reports that over a million refugees have now fled from Ukraine to other countries.[49]
- The International Criminal Court begins an investigation into possible war crimes committed by Russia in Ukraine.[50]
- March 3
- Russian invasion of Ukraine: Russia is condemned by world leaders following an attack by its troops on the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant – the largest in Europe – which led to a fire at the site.[51]
- The National Assembly of Armenia elects incumbent minister of High-Tech Industry and former mayor of Yerevan, Vahagn Khachaturyan, as president of Armenia following the resignation of Armen Sarkissian.[52][53]
- March 4–13 – The 2022 Winter Paralympics are held in Beijing, China, making it the first city to host both Summer Paralympics and Winter Paralympics.[54]
- March 4 – Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: An Afghan man on behalf of the Islamic State – Khorasan Province commits a suicide attack at a Shia mosque in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, killing 63 people.[55]
- March 5 – Researchers in the Antarctic find Endurance, one of the greatest ever undiscovered shipwrecks, which sank in 1915 during Ernest Shackleton's exploration.[56]
- March 7 – COVID-19 pandemic: The global death toll from COVID-19 surpasses 6 million.[57]
- March 8 – The US and UK announce a ban on Russian oil, while the EU announces a two-thirds reduction in its demand for Russian gas.[58]
- March 9
- 2022 South Korean presidential election: People Power Party candidate Yoon Suk-yeol is narrowly elected President of South Korea.[59]
- Russian invasion of Ukraine: Russia is condemned by world leaders following an air strike in Mariupol that destroys a hospital including a maternity and children's ward.[60]
- March 10 – The National Assembly of Hungary elects former minister for Family Affairs, Katalin Novák, as president of Hungary in a 137–51 vote.[61][62]
- March 11 – Gabriel Boric is sworn in as President of Chile. He becomes the youngest head of state in the nation's history and the first to be born during the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.[63][64]
- March 12 – 2022 Turkmenistan presidential election: Serdar Berdimuhamedow, son of former President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, wins with 89% of the total votes.[65]
- March 16 – Russian invasion of Ukraine: A Russian airstrike on the Mariupol Theatre in Mariupol kills an estimated 600 civilians sheltering inside.[66]
- March 21 – China Eastern Airlines Flight 5735 crashes in Guangxi, China, killing all 133 people on board.[67]
- March 24 - Russian invasion of Ukraine: NATO announces that four new battlegroups totaling 40,000 troops will be deployed in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia, along with enhanced readiness for potential chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear threats.[68][69]
- March 27 – The M23 offensive begins in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.[70]
- March 29 – The Democratic Republic of the Congo is admitted to the East African Community.[71]
- March 31 – Expo 2020 closes in Dubai after a 6-month run; originally scheduled for April 10, 2021, it was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[72]
April[editar | editar código]
- April 3
- Russian invasion of Ukraine: As Russia's forces retreat from areas near Kyiv, it is accused by Ukraine of war crimes, amid mounting evidence of indiscriminate civilian killings, including the Bucha massacre.[73][74]
- The second round of voting of the 2022 Costa Rican general election is held, and Social Democratic Progress Party presidential candidate Rodrigo Chaves Robles is elected president.[75][76]
- April 4 – The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) releases the third and final part of its Sixth Assessment Report on climate change, warning that greenhouse gas emissions must peak by 2025 at the latest and decline 43% by 2030, in order to limit global warming to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F).[77][78]
- April 6 – The first known dinosaur fossil linked to the very day of the Chicxulub impact is reported by palaeontologists.[79]
- April 7
- The UN votes by 93–24 to suspend Russia from the Human Rights Council, with 58 countries abstaining.[80]
- President of Yemen Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi resigns from office, dismisses vice president Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar, and transfers both offices' powers to the newly formed eight-member Presidential Leadership Council, chaired by Rashad al-Alimi.[81][82]
- Russian invasion of Ukraine: Russia is condemned by world leaders following a missile attack on Kramatorsk train station, which kills 59 civilians trying to evacuate, including seven children.[83][84]
- Global food prices increase to their highest level since the UN's Food Price Index began in 1990, with commodities such as wheat rising by nearly 20% as a result of the Ukraine crisis.[85][86]
- April 11 – The National Assembly of Pakistan elects leader of the opposition Shehbaz Sharif as prime minister of Pakistan, after Imran Khan is removed from office following a motion of no confidence two days prior.[87][88]
- April 13 – COVID-19 pandemic: The number of confirmed cases exceeds 500 million worldwide.[89]
- April 14 – Russian invasion of Ukraine: The Russian flagship Moskva becomes the largest warship to be sunk in action since World War II. Ukraine claims to have struck it with Neptune anti-ship missiles, while Russia claims it sank during stormy weather after an onboard fire.[90][91]
- April 18 – Russian invasion of Ukraine: The battle of Donbas begins, leading to the deaths of several thousand military personnel and civilians.[92]
- April 19 – The second round of voting of the 2022 East Timorese presidential election is held and the National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction party presidential candidate, former president and former prime minister José Ramos-Horta is elected.[93][94][95]
- April 20 – A European Southern Observatory team announce the discovery of micronovae, a new type of exploding star.[96]
- April 22 – The Large Hadron Collider recommences full operations, three years after being shut down for upgrades.[97][98]
- April 24 – The 2022 Slovenian parliamentary election is held to elect all 90 members of the National Assembly of Slovenia, the lower house of the Slovenian Parliament; the Freedom Movement party becomes the largest party, winning 41 of 90 seats.[99][100][101]
- April 27 – The European Union accuses Russia of blackmail after gas supplies to Poland and Bulgaria are halted by energy giant Gazprom.[102]
- April 28 – The Parliament of Montenegro elects a new government with Dritan Abazović as prime minister, following a motion of no confidence against the government of Zdravko Krivokapić.[103][104]
May[editar | editar código]
- May 6 – 2022 monkeypox outbreak: An outbreak of monkeypox begins when the first monkeypox virus case is reported in London, the United Kingdom.[105]
- May 9
- The Prime Minister of Sri Lanka Mahinda Rajapaksa resigns as a result of massive protests against his government across the country. He is succeeded by Ranil Wickremesinghe as prime minister three days later.[106][107]
- 2022 Philippine general election: Bongbong Marcos and Sara Duterte are elected the 17th President and 15th Vice President of the Philippines in a landslide victory.[108][109]
- May 10–14 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2022 is held in Turin, Italy. The contest is won by Ukrainian folk-rap group Kalush Orchestra with their song "Stefania".[110][111]
- May 12 – The Event Horizon Telescope collaboration reveals its first image of Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way.[112]
- May 13 – Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan is elected as the 3rd president of the United Arab Emirates by the Federal Supreme Council following the death of Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan a day earlier.[113][114]
- May 15 – Former President of Somalia Hassan Sheikh Mohamud is elected president again, beating President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed.[115]
- May 16 – Russian invasion of Ukraine: The Siege of Mariupol ends in a Russian victory as Ukrainian troops are evacuated from Mariupol.[116][117]
- May 20 – 2022 monkeypox outbreak: The World Health Organization (WHO) holds an emergency meeting to discuss the spread of monkeypox in nearly a dozen countries, as the number of reported cases reaches 100.[118][119]
- May 21 – 2022 Australian federal election: The Labor party, led by Anthony Albanese, defeats the Liberal/National Coalition government led by Prime Minister Scott Morrison. Albanese would be sworn in on May 23.[120][121]
- May 27 – Fiji announces that it will become the 14th member of the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity in order to counter Chinese influence in the Pacific. This comes amid a visit by Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi to Kiribati.[122]
- May 28 – Spanish club Real Madrid beat English club Liverpool 1–0 to win the UEFA Champions League final played at the Stade de France in Paris, France.[123]
June[editar | editar código]
- June 4 – Retired general Bajram Begaj is elected the 9th President of Albania by the parliament in the 4th round of voting.[124]
- June 5 – At least 50 people are killed in a dual mass shooting-bomb attack in Owo, Nigeria.[125]
- June 14 – Canada and Denmark end their competing claims for Hans Island by dividing the island roughly in half, ending what was referred to as the Whisky War.[126]
- June 19 – The second round of the 2022 Colombian presidential election is held, and former guerrilla fighter for the 19th of April Movement and incumbent senator, Gustavo Petro, defeats businessman and former mayor of Bucaramanga, Rodolfo Hernández Suárez.[127][128][129]
- June 22 – A 6.2 earthquake strikes the Durand Line between Afghanistan and Pakistan, killing at least 1,163 people.[130][131][132]
- June 23 – Dickon Mitchell's party wins a majority of seats in Grenada's general election, defeating Prime Minister Keith Mitchell's party. Mitchell is appointed Prime Minister of Grenada, following Keith Mitchell's resignation on June 24.[133]
- June 26 – G7 leaders gather for a summit in Germany to discuss the situation in Ukraine. A ban on imports of Russian gold is announced.[134]
- June 27 – 53 migrants from Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador are found dead in a tractor trailer in San Antonio, Texas, United States.[135]
- June 28–30 – A NATO summit is held in Madrid, Spain along with the presence of guest countries from the European Union and the Indo-Pacific primarily searching for a consensual defensive reinforcement after the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the sustained threatening over the territorial integrity of other countries.[136]
July[editar | editar código]
- July 1 – Yair Lapid succeeds Naftali Bennett as Prime Minister of Israel, while Bennett succeeds Lapid as Alternate Prime Minister of Israel; this arrangement had been created after the 2021 Israeli legislative election, in which no party won an outright majority.[137][138]
- July 6–31 – UEFA Women's Euro 2022 is held in England, with the hosts winning their first major tournament since 1966.[139]
- July 7–17 – The 2022 World Games is held in Birmingham, Alabama, United States.[140]
- July 7 – After revelations over his appointment of Chris Pincher as Deputy Chief Whip triggered a series of resignations from his government, UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson announces his intention to resign, triggering the July–September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election.[141][142]
- July 8 – Former Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe is assassinated while giving a public speech in the city of Nara, Japan.[143]
- July 11 – The first operational image from the James Webb Space Telescope, showing the galaxy cluster SMACS 0723, is revealed to the public.[144]
- July 18 – Droupadi Murmu is elected as President of India, making her the first tribal woman and youngest person to be elected to the office.[145]
- July 19 – 2022 European heat waves: A series of severe heatwaves from July to August hit Europe, causing at least 53,000 deaths and additionally causing major wildfires, travel disruption, and record high temperatures in many countries.[146][147]
- July 21
- The Parliament of Sri Lanka elects Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe as President of Sri Lanka,[148] following the resignation of Gotabaya Rajapaksa amid protests over the ongoing economic crisis.[149]
- The European Central Bank raises its key interest rate for the first time in more than 11 years, from minus 0.5 per cent to zero, with plans for further increases later in the year.[150]
- July 23 – The World Health Organization (WHO) declares the recent monkeypox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, as the number of reported cases exceeds 17,000 in 75 countries.[151]
- July 27 – A 7.0 earthquake strikes the island of Luzon in the Philippines killing 11 people and injuring over 600.[152]
- July 28 – August 8 – The 2022 Commonwealth Games is held in Birmingham, England.[153]
- July 31 – Ayman al-Zawahiri, the Egyptian terrorist who became the 2nd Emir of al-Qaeda after Osama bin Laden's death in 2011, is killed in an airstrike in Kabul, Afghanistan conducted by the United States' Central Intelligence Agency.[154]
August[editar | editar código]
- August 4
- China conducts its largest ever military exercise around Taiwan in response to a controversial visit by Nancy Pelosi, the highest-ranking U.S. official to visit Taiwan since the 1990s.[155][156]
- The Prime Minister of Peru, Aníbal Torres, resigns following multiple criminal investigations against the President of Peru, Pedro Castillo.[157]
- August 5–7 – Israel launches airstrikes in the Gaza Strip, killing Islamic Jihad military leader Tayseer Jabari. Both parties agree to a ceasefire after three days of skirmish.[158][159]
- August 6 – Terrance Drew is sworn in as prime minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis.[160]
- August 9 – 2022 Kenyan general election: William Ruto is elected as Kenya's 5th president, defeating longtime opposition leader Raila Odinga. His victory is certified by the nation's election supervisory agency on August 15 amid protests and violence by Odinga supporters.[161][162][163]
- August 10 – Spanish club Real Madrid beat German club Eintracht Frankfurt 2–0 to win the 2022 UEFA Super Cup played at the Olympic Stadium in Helsinki, Finland.[164]
- August 12 – Indian-born British-American novelist Salman Rushdie is stabbed multiple times as he is about to give a public lecture at the Chautauqua Institution in Chautauqua, New York, United States.[165][166]
- August 17 – Turkey and Israel agree to restore full diplomatic relations after a period of tensions.[167]
- August 19 – The coalition government of Montenegrin prime minister Dritan Abazović collapses after the 81-seat Parliament of Montenegro passes a motion of no confidence in a vote of 50–1, following dispute within the coalition over an agreement the government signed with the Serbian Orthodox Church.[168][169]
- August 27 – September 11 – The 2022 Asia Cup is held in the United Arab Emirates, and is won by Sri Lanka.[170]
- August 28 – 2022 Pakistan floods: Pakistan declares a "climate catastrophe" and appeals for international assistance, as the death toll from recent flooding in the country exceeds 1,000, the world's deadliest flood since 2017. Several nations, alongside the UN, pledge millions in funding for aid.[171][172]
September[editar | editar código]
- September 1 – The UN releases a report stating that the Chinese government's Xinjiang internment camps and treatment of Uyghurs may constitute crimes against humanity.[173]
- September 2 – Russian invasion of Ukraine: The G7 economies agree to impose a price cap on Russian petroleum exports.[174]
- September 5 – A 6.8 earthquake strikes Luding County in Sichuan province, China, killing 117 and injuring 424.[175]
- September 6 – Liz Truss is appointed Prime Minister of the United Kingdom after winning the July–September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election.[176]
- September 8 – Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and 14 other Commonwealth realms dies at Balmoral Castle in Scotland at the age of 96. Her son Charles III succeeds her as King.[177][178]
- September 11 – The 2022 Swedish general election is held to elect all 349 seats of the Riksdag. Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson resigns after her centre-left bloc narrowly loses to a bloc of right-wing parties, 176 seats to 173; Andersson is succeeded as prime minister by Ulf Kristersson in October.[179]
- September 12 – September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes: Azerbaijan attacks Armenian positions near the cities of Vardenis, Goris, Sotk and Jermuk, and occupies certain areas of its territory along the Armenia–Azerbaijan border. Over the next few days, more than 100 Armenian soldiers are killed in the clashes, while Azerbaijan acknowledges 71 fatalities among its forces.[180]
- September 14–20 – 2022 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes: Dozens are killed as sporadic clashes occur between Kyrgyz and Tajik troops along their countries' respective border.[181]
- September 14–25 – The Atlantic hurricane Fiona hits Guadeloupe, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, the Lucayan Archipelago, Bermuda, and Eastern Canada.[182]
- September 16 – Protests erupt in Iran following the death of Mahsa Amini in the custody of the country's "morality police".[183]
- September 19 – The state funeral of Elizabeth II is held in Westminster Abbey, London. Her coffin is then taken by procession to Windsor Castle for burial with her husband, parents and sister in the King George VI Memorial Chapel.[184] The funeral is speculated to be the most watched television event in world history.[185]
- September 21 – Russian invasion of Ukraine: Following a major counteroffensive by Ukraine in the east of the country, Putin announces a partial mobilisation of Russia and threatens nuclear retaliation, saying "this is not a bluff".[186]
- September 24 – The 2022 Nauruan parliamentary election was held which saw Ubenide parliament member Russ Kun be elected president by parliament.[187]
- September 25 – The 2022 Italian general election is held to elect all 400 seats of the Chamber of Deputies and 200 seats of the Senate of the Republic (reduced from 630 and 215 respectively according to the outcome of the 2020 constitutional referendum).[188] Observers commented that the results shifted the geopolitics of the European Union, following far-right gains in France, Spain, and Sweden.[189][190][191] It was also noted that the election outcome would mark Italy's most right-wing government since 1945.[192][193][194]
- September 26
- NASA's DART crashes into the asteroid Dimorphos in a first test of potential planetary defense.[195]
- The Nord Stream pipeline sabotage occurs by an unknown perpetrator off the coast of Denmark with explosions on two pipelines leaving them inoperable.[196]
- September 27–30 – Hurricane Ian impacts Cuba and the United States, causing catastrophic damage to both nations, killing at least 157 people, 16 missing, and leaving millions without power, including the entire nation of Cuba.[197][198]
- September 27 – Russian occupation authorities in Ukraine claim that their annexation referendums show an overwhelming support for the annexation by Russia of the Donetsk People's Republic, the Luhansk People's Republic, and parts of Kherson Oblast and Zaporizhzhia Oblast. However, the voting is widely dismissed as a sham referendum.[199][200]
- September 30
- Annexation of Southern and Eastern Ukraine: Russian President Vladimir Putin signs treaties absorbing the occupied regions of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia into the Russian Federation. This annexation is seen as a breach of international law by the global community.[201][202]
- Burkina Faso's military junta is overthrown by the country's second coup of the year, led by army captain Ibrahim Traoré.[203]
October[editar | editar código]
- October 1 – A fatal human crush occurs during an association football match at Kanjuruhan Stadium in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia, killing 135 people and injuring more than 500.[204][205]
- October 5 – OPEC+ imposes a production cut of up to 2 million barrels per day.[206]
- October 8 – Russian invasion of Ukraine: An explosion occurs on the Crimean Bridge connecting Crimea and Russia, killing three and causing a partial collapse of the only road bridge between the Crimean Peninsula and the Russian mainland.[207] Two days later, retaliatory missile strikes are conducted by Russia across Ukraine, the most widespread since the start of the invasion, notably including attacks on Kyiv.[208]
- October 16–23 – The 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party is held. Xi Jinping is elected as General Secretary by the Central Committee, beginning a third term as the paramount leader of China.[209][210][211][212]
- October 20 – After 45 days in office, Liz Truss announced her resignation as leader of the Conservative Party and her intention to resign as prime minister of the United Kingdom.[213]
- October 25 – Amid a government crisis, Rishi Sunak becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, following the resignation of Liz Truss the previous week resulting in a 50-day tenure.[214]
- October 28
- Elon Musk completes his $44 billion acquisition of Twitter.[215]
- Sam Matekane is sworn in as Prime Minister of Lesotho after securing a victory in the 7 October elections.[216]
- October 29
- At least 158 people are killed and another 197 injured in a crowd crush during Halloween festivities in Seoul, South Korea.[217]
- A double car bombing by al-Shabaab in Mogadishu, Somalia kills at least 121 people and injures around 300.[218][219]
- Russian invasion of Ukraine: In response to an alleged Ukrainian drone attack against the Black Sea Fleet, Russia withdraw from a U.N.-brokered deal on the shipment of grain, which had brought down soaring global food prices.[220]
- October 30
- 2022 Brazilian general election: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva defeats incumbent Jair Bolsonaro in a runoff election after neither candidate secured a majority in the first round of voting. Lula da Silva is the first president elected three times, and also the oldest one, at 77.[221][222]
- The collapse of a suspension bridge in Gujarat, India, leaves at least 135 dead.[223][224]
November[editar | editar código]
- November 1
- 2022 Israeli legislative election: A bloc of right-wing and far-right political parties led by former Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu wins a 64-seat majority (out of 120), allowing him to be sworn in as Prime Minister of Israel for a third time in December.[225][226][227][228]
- 2022 Danish general election: A bloc of left-leaning political parties wins a narrow one-seat majority of 90 seats.[229][230] Incumbent Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen's second government takes office in December not using the left-leaning majority but instead consisting of Venstre and the Moderates.
- November 2–3 – Tigray War: The Ethiopian government and the TPLF agree to a formal cessation of hostilities, signing a peace agreement in Pretoria, South Africa.[231][232]
- November 6–18 – The 2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP27) on climate change mitigation takes place in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt.[233][234]
- November 11
- The cryptocurrency exchange FTX, once valued at $18 billion,[235] files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy,[236] in a collapse that affects the cryptocurrency environment.[237][238]
- Russian invasion of Ukraine: Ukrainian forces recapture Kherson, the only regional capital to be taken by Russia since the start of the war.[239][240]
- November 15
- The world population reaches 8 billion.[241][242]
- The 2022 G20 Bali summit in Bali, Indonesia takes place.[243]
- November 16 – NASA launches Artemis 1, the first uncrewed mission of its Space Launch System, the most powerful rocket ever to reach orbit. The onboard Orion capsule orbits the Moon before returning to Earth, as a demonstration of planned human missions.[244][245]
- November 19 – The 2022 Malaysian general election results in a hung parliament, which is the first in the country's history. Long-time opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim is appointed by Yang di-Pertuan Agong Abdullah as prime minister five days later to break the political deadlock and form a unity government.[246][247]
- November 19–26 – The 2022 Central American and Caribbean Beach Games are held in Santa Marta, Colombia.[248]
- November 20–December 18 – The 2022 FIFA World Cup is held in Qatar and won by Argentina.[249]
- November 20 – 2022 Nepalese general election: The Nepali Congress, led by Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba, emerged as the largest party with 89 seats, but the governing bloc falls short of the majority by two seats, leading into likely coalition government.[250][251]
- November 21 – A 5.6 earthquake strikes near Cianjur in West Java, Indonesia, killing 635 people and injuring 7,700 more.
- November 30 – OpenAI releases ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence chatbot able to answer questions and write essays.[252][253]
December[editar | editar código]
- December 2 – The G7 and Australia join the EU in imposing a cap of $60 a barrel on Russian crude oil, designed to "prevent Russia from profiting from its war of aggression against Ukraine."[254]
- December 5 – The National Ignition Facility achieves fusion ignition, a major milestone in the development of nuclear fusion power.[255][256][257]
- December 7
- The Congress of Peru removes President Pedro Castillo from office and arrests him after he tries to dissolve congress in a coup attempt, Vice President Dina Boluarte succeeds him.[258]
- After substantial protests against China's Zero-COVID policies, the Chinese government eases on its COVID restrictions.[259][260]
- December 17 – Leo Varadkar succeeds Micheál Martin as Taoiseach (Prime Minister) of Ireland, as part of a rotation agreement made in 2020.[261]
- December 19 – At the UN Biodiversity Conference (COP15), nearly 200 countries agree a landmark deal to protect a third of the planet for nature by 2030.[262][263]
- December 21–26 – A major winter storm hits the northern United States and southern Canada. Killing at least 91 people, the storm also severely disrupts North American air traffic, with Southwest Airlines alone canceling more than half of its schedule.[264][265]
- December 24 – 2022 Fijian general election: The Parliament of Fiji elects Sitiveni Rabuka as Prime Minister of Fiji, defeating incumbent Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama after a contentious election.[266]
- December 29 – Brazilian football legend Pelé dies at the age of 82.[267]
Deaths[editar | editar código]
Nobel Prizes[editar | editar código]
Category | Recipient | Country | Rationale | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chemistry | Carolyn Bertozzi | United States | for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry | [268] |
Morten P. Meldal | Denmark | |||
Karl Barry Sharpless | United States | |||
Economics | Ben Bernanke | United States | for research on banks and financial crises | [269] |
Douglas Diamond | United States | |||
Philip H. Dybvig | United States | |||
Literature | Annie Ernaux | France | for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory | [270] |
Peace | Ales Bialiatski | Belarus | for their efforts in documenting war crimes, human rights abuses, and the abuse of power in their respective home countries | [271] |
Memorial | Russia | |||
Center for Civil Liberties | Ukraine | |||
Physics | Alain Aspect | France | for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science | [272] |
John Clauser | United States | |||
Anton Zeilinger | Austria | |||
Physiology or Medicine | Svante Pääbo | Sweden | for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution | [273] |
References[editar | editar código]
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|url-status=
ignorado (ayuda) - ↑ «Russian paratroopers arrive in Kazakhstan as unrest continues». The Guardian. 6 de January de 2022. Archivado desde el original el 6 de January de 2022. Consultado el 7 de January de 2022. Parámetro desconocido
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ignorado (ayuda) - ↑ «Global Coronavirus Cases Top 300 Million». The New York Times. 7 de January de 2022. Consultado el 7 de January de 2022.
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- ↑ «Boris Johnson promises first set of UK sanctions against Russia». BBC News. 22 de February de 2022. Consultado el 23 de February de 2022.
- ↑ «Russia strongly condemned at UN after Putin orders troops into eastern Ukraine». The Guardian (en English). 22 de February de 2022. Consultado el 22 de February de 2022.
- ↑ «Joint Statement on further restrictive economic measures». European Commission (en en-US). 26 de February de 2022. Consultado el 27 de February de 2022.
- ↑ «West to cut some Russian banks off from Swift». BBC News (en en-US). 27 de February de 2022. Consultado el 27 de February de 2022.
- ↑ «Putin puts Russia's strategic nuclear force on 'special alert'». BBC News (en en-US). 27 de February de 2022. Consultado el 27 de February de 2022.
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- ↑ «Belarus referendum approves proposal to renounce non-nuclear status - agencies» (en en-US). Reuters. 27 de February de 2022. Consultado el 28 de February de 2022.
- ↑ «Belarus opens door for Russian nuclear weapons as Putin ally moves to commit troops». The Telegraph (en en-US). 28 de February de 2022. Consultado el 28 de February de 2022.
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- ↑ «Ukraine's foreign minister: Ukraine-Russia talks with no preconditions 'already a victory'». The Guardian (en en-US). 27 de February de 2022. Consultado el 27 de February de 2022.
- ↑ «Ukraine crisis: Fifa and Uefa suspend all Russian clubs and national teams». BBC News (en en-US). 28 de February de 2022. Consultado el 28 de February de 2022.
- ↑ «In rare stand, South Korea, Singapore unveil sanctions on Russia» (en en-US). Al Jazeera. 28 de February de 2022. Consultado el 28 de February de 2022.
- ↑ «Monaco clamps down on Russian assets after Ukraine invasion» (en en-US). Reuters. 28 de February de 2022. Consultado el 28 de February de 2022.
- ↑ «Neutral Swiss join EU sanctions against Russia in break with past» (en en-US). Reuters. 28 de February de 2022. Consultado el 28 de February de 2022.
- ↑ «World Athletics joins sporting bodies in banning Russian and Belarusian athletes» (en en-US). Reuters. 1 de March de 2022. Consultado el 1 de March de 2022.
- ↑ «UN votes to condemn Russia's invasion of Ukraine and calls for withdrawal». The Guardian (en en-US). 2 de March de 2022. Consultado el 2 de March de 2022.
- ↑ «Russia aims to erase Ukraine, says Zelenskiy, as bombardment intensifies». The Guardian (en en-US). 2 de March de 2022. Consultado el 2 de March de 2022.
- ↑ «A million refugees have now fled Ukraine since the start of the war, U.N. says» (en en-US). NPR. 2 de March de 2022. Consultado el 3 de March de 2022.
- ↑ «War crimes court prosecutor opens Ukraine investigation» (en en-US). Reuters. 3 de March de 2022. Consultado el 3 de March de 2022.
- ↑ «Ukraine nuclear plant: Russia in control after shelling». BBC News (en en-US). 4 de March de 2022. Consultado el 4 de March de 2022.
- ↑ «Vahagn Khachaturyan not elected Armenia President in first round». news.am (en English). Consultado el 16 de May de 2022.
- ↑ «Armenian Lawmakers Elect Former Minister Khachatrian As President». RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty (en English). Consultado el 16 de May de 2022.
- ↑ «Where are the next Paralympic Winter Games?». paralympics.org.nz. 24 de February de 2022. Consultado el 3 de March de 2022.
- ↑ «Pakistan: Dozens killed in Peshawar mosque explosion» (en British English). Deutsche Welle. 4 de March de 2022. Consultado el 20 de April de 2022.
- ↑ «Endurance: Shackleton's lost ship is found in Antarctic». BBC News (en en-US). 9 de March de 2022. Consultado el 9 de March de 2022.
- ↑ «Global Covid-19 deaths surpass 6 million». CNN. 7 de March de 2022. Consultado el 7 de March de 2022.
- ↑ «War in Ukraine: West hits Russia with oil bans and gas curbs». BBC News. 8 de March de 2022. Consultado el 8 de March de 2022.
- ↑ Hyun-woo, Nam (9 de March de 2022). «Yoon Suk-yeol wins presidential election». Korea Times. Consultado el 9 de March de 2022.
- ↑ «Children under rubble, says Zelensky, as Russia bombs hospital». BBC News. 9 de March de 2022. Consultado el 9 de March de 2022.
- ↑ «Katalin Novak becomes Hungary's first female president». euronews (en English). 10 de March de 2022. Consultado el 16 de May de 2022.
- ↑ «Hungary elects Katalin Novak, first-ever female president» (en English). Al Jazeera]. Consultado el 16 de May de 2022.
- ↑ Villegas, Alexander (11 de March de 2022). «Chile's Boric sworn in as president in sharp political shift» (en English). Reuters. Consultado el 11 de March de 2022.
- ↑ «Gabriel Boric, 36, sworn in as president to herald new era for Chile». The Guardian (en English). 11 de March de 2022. Consultado el 11 de March de 2022.
- ↑ «As Expected, Son Of Turkmen Leader Easily Wins Election In Familial Transfer Of Power». RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty (en English). Archivado desde el original el 22 de March de 2022. Consultado el 15 de March de 2022. Parámetro desconocido
|url-status=
ignorado (ayuda) - ↑ Hinnant, Lori; Chernov, Mstyslav; Stepanenko, Vasilisa (4 de May de 2022). «AP evidence points to 600 dead in Mariupol theater airstrike» (en English). Associated Press. Archivado desde el original el 4 de May de 2022. Consultado el 4 de May de 2022.
- ↑ «架搭载133人的客机在广西藤县发生事故,伤亡情况未明» [A passenger plane carrying 133 people was involved in an accident in Teng County, Guangxi, the casualties are unknown] (en chinese). CCTV News. Archivado desde el original el 21 de March de 2022. Consultado el 21 de March de 2022. Parámetro desconocido
|url-status=
ignorado (ayuda) - ↑ «Nato to send 40,000 more troops to Eastern Europe». BBC News. 24 de March de 2022. Consultado el 24 de March de 2022.
- ↑ «Nato leaders agree to strengthen eastern defences». The Guardian. 24 de March de 2022. Consultado el 24 de March de 2022.
- ↑ «M23 rebels attack military positions in eastern DR Congo». Al Jazeera. 28 de March de 2022. Archivado desde el original el 13 de November de 2022. Parámetro desconocido
|url-status=
ignorado (ayuda) - ↑ «DR Congo joins East African bloc». The East African (en English). 29 de March de 2022. Consultado el 2 de August de 2022.
- ↑ Magyar, Judith. «SAP BrandVoice: Experience Expo 2020 Dubai – A Window To The Future». Forbes (en English). Consultado el 13 de January de 2022.
- ↑ «Russia-Ukraine war latest: Russian actions 'look exactly like war crimes', says Ukraine; explosions seen in Odesa». The Guardian. 3 de April de 2022. Consultado el 3 de April de 2022.
- ↑ «Killings in Bucha are deliberate massacre - Ukraine». BBC News. 3 de April de 2022. Consultado el 3 de April de 2022.
- ↑ Oré, Diego; Murillo, Alvaro (4 de April de 2022). «Costa Rica elects maverick Chaves as president in break with establishment» (en English). Reuters. Consultado el 6 de April de 2022.
- ↑ «Economist Rodrigo Chaves elected Costa Rica's president». Al Jazeera (en English). Consultado el 6 de April de 2022.
- ↑ «It's over for fossil fuels: IPCC spells out what's needed to avert climate disaster». The Guardian. 4 de April de 2022. Consultado el 4 de April de 2022.
- ↑ «The evidence is clear: the time for action is now. We can halve emissions by 2030.». Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 4 de April de 2022. Consultado el 4 de April de 2022.
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- ↑ «UN votes to suspend Russia from Human Rights Council». The Guardian. 6 de April de 2022. Consultado el 7 de April de 2022.
- ↑ «Yemen president hands power to council in major shake-up». BBC News (en British English). 7 de April de 2022. Consultado el 10 de April de 2022.
- ↑ «Yemen president hands powers to new leadership council» (en English). Al Jazeera. Consultado el 10 de April de 2022.
- ↑ «Dozens dead after railway station hit by rockets - Ukraine». BBC News. 8 de April de 2022. Consultado el 8 de April de 2022.
- ↑ «World leaders condemn Kramatorsk railway strike». CNN. 8 de April de 2022. Consultado el 8 de April de 2022.
- ↑ «Global food prices rise to highest ever levels after Russian invasion». The Guardian. 8 de April de 2022. Consultado el 8 de April de 2022.
- ↑ «FAO Food Price Index». FAO. 8 de April de 2022. Consultado el 8 de April de 2022.
- ↑ «Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan ousted as country's leader following vote of no-confidence». CNN. 9 de April de 2022. Consultado el 10 de April de 2022.
- ↑ «Pakistan: Shehbaz Sharif chosen as PM after week-long uncertainty». BBC News (en British English). 11 de April de 2022. Consultado el 11 de April de 2022.
- ↑ Falconer, Rebecca (13 de April de 2022). «World surpasses half a billion confirmed COVID cases». Axios. Consultado el 13 de April de 2022.
- ↑ «Russian warship: Moskva sinks in Black Sea». BBC News. 15 de April de 2022. Consultado el 15 de April de 2022.
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- ↑ «Ukraine says 'Battle of Donbas' has begun, Russia pushing in east» (en English). Reuters. 18 de April de 2022. Consultado el 23 de June de 2022.
- ↑ «Nobel laureate Ramos-Horta wins East Timor's presidential election». France 24 (en English). 20 de April de 2022. Consultado el 21 de April de 2022.
- ↑ «Timor-Leste presidential election: José Ramos-Horta wins in landslide». The Guardian (en English). Agence France-Presse. 20 de April de 2022. Consultado el 21 de April de 2022.
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- ↑ Kizer Whitt, Kelly (25 de April de 2022). «Micronovas are new! They're small, but mighty». EarthSky.
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- ↑ «Slovenia's Janša defeated by opposition liberal Freedom Movement». euronews (en English). 24 de April de 2022. Consultado el 25 de April de 2022.
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- ↑ «Russia accused of blackmail after gas supplies to Poland and Bulgaria halted». The Guardian. 27 de April de 2022. Consultado el 27 de April de 2022.
- ↑ «Montenegro's parliament approves new minority pro-EU government». euronews (en English). 29 de April de 2022. Consultado el 29 de April de 2022.
- ↑ Vasiljevic, Stevo (28 de April de 2022). «Montenegro approves new minority government focused on joining EU» (en English). Reuters. Consultado el 29 de April de 2022.
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|url-status=
ignorado (ayuda) - ↑ «Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa resigns». NewsWire (en en-US). 9 de May de 2022. Consultado el 9 de May de 2022.
- ↑ «More violence reported around the country : Over 100 injured». NewsWire. 9 de May de 2022. Consultado el 9 de May de 2022.
- ↑ «Philippine presidential election: who's running, who's favourite and what's their China policy?». South China Morning Post (en English). 9 de October de 2021. Consultado el 9 de October de 2021.
- ↑ «The son of late dictator Marcos has won the Philippines' presidential election». Manila: NPR. Associated Press. 10 de May de 2022. Consultado el 12 de May de 2022.
- ↑ «Turin, Italy, to host the 66th Eurovision Song Contest in May 2022». Eurovision.tv (en British English). European Broadcasting Union (EBU). 8 de October de 2021. Archivado desde el original el 8 de October de 2021. Consultado el 8 de October de 2021. Parámetro desconocido
|url-status=
ignorado (ayuda) - ↑ Treisman, Rachel (14 de May de 2022). «Ukraine wins Eurovision 2022 with overwhelming support from the audience». NPR. Consultado el 15 de May de 2022.
- ↑ «WATCH LIVE: Astronomers reveal 'groundbreaking' findings about the Milky Way». PBS. 12 de May de 2022. Consultado el 12 de May de 2022.
- ↑ «UAE President Sheikh Khalifa dies at 73». BBC News (en British English). 13 de May de 2022. Consultado el 14 de May de 2022.
- ↑ «Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan becomes UAE's president» (en English). Associated Press. 14 de May de 2022. Consultado el 16 de May de 2022.
- ↑ «Somalia elects new president after long overdue elections» (en English). Al Jazeera. Consultado el 16 de May de 2022.
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- ↑ «Минобороны показало кадры сдачи в плен украинских военных с "Азовстали"». РБК (en русский). Consultado el 17 de May de 2022.
- ↑ «WHO to hold emergency meeting on monkeypox on Friday -sources». Reuters. 20 de May de 2022. Consultado el 21 de May de 2022.
- ↑ «WHO working closely with countries responding to monkeypox». WHO. 20 de May de 2022. Consultado el 21 de May de 2022.
- ↑ «With Anthony Albanese at the helm, Labor is projected to win 2022 federal election». 21 de May de 2022. Consultado el 21 de May de 2022.
- ↑ «Albanese leads Labor to Australia election win». BBC News (en English). 21 de May de 2022. Consultado el 22 de May de 2022.
- ↑ «Fiji to join Biden's economic framework aimed at countering China». www.aljazeera.com (en English). Consultado el 12 de September de 2022.
- ↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61609200
- ↑ «Me 78 vota pro, Bajram Begaj zgjidhet Presidenti i 8-të i Shqipërisë | RTSH Lajme». lajme.rtsh.al (en English). Consultado el 4 de June de 2022.
- ↑ «Over 50 feared dead in Nigeria church attack, officials say» (en English). Associated Press. 5 de June de 2022. Consultado el 6 de June de 2022.
- ↑ «Whisky Wars: Denmark and Canada strike deal to end 50-year row over Arctic island». BBC News. 14 de June de 2022.
- ↑ «Elecciones de Presidente y Vicepresidente de la República 2022» [Elections of President and Vice President of the Republic 2022]. resultados.registraduria.gov.co.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ «Ex-rebel wins runoff to be Colombia's 1st leftist president» (en English). Associated Press. 19 de June de 2022. Consultado el 21 de June de 2022.
- ↑ «Gustavo Petro: Colombia elects ex-rebel as first left-wing president». BBC News (en British English). 20 de June de 2022. Consultado el 21 de June de 2022.
- ↑ Norzoori, Ebrahim. «Death toll from Afghanistan's quake rises to 1,150 people». Associated Press. Archivado desde el original el 24 de June de 2022. Consultado el 24 de June de 2022. Parámetro desconocido
|url-status=
ignorado (ayuda) - ↑ Faizi, Fazel Rahman (22 de June de 2022). «News agency: 1,000 dead, 1,500 injured in Afghan quake». The Washington Post. Archivado desde el original el 22 de June de 2022. Consultado el 22 de June de 2022. Parámetro desconocido
|url-status=
ignorado (ayuda) - ↑ Dasgupta, Sravasti (22 de June de 2022). «Afghanistan earthquake: Death toll rises to 950 after major quake hits Paktika province». The Independent. Archivado desde el original el 22 de June de 2022. Consultado el 22 de June de 2022. Parámetro desconocido
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ignorado (ayuda) - ↑ «Live blog: Grenada votes election 2022». Loop News. Consultado el 24 de June de 2022.
- ↑ «Ukraine war: UK joins ban on imports of Russian gold». BBC News. 26 de June de 2022. Consultado el 26 de June de 2022.
- ↑ Gaffney, Melissa; Owen, Quinn; Winsor, Morgan; El-bawab, Nadine; Pereira, Ivan (29 de June de 2022). «4 charged after 53 found dead in Texas tractor-trailer» (en English). ABC News. Consultado el 28 de June de 2022.
- ↑ «NATO Summit - Madrid, Spain - 28, 29 and 30 June 2022». NATO. 29 de April de 2022. Consultado el 1 de June de 2022.
- ↑ «U.S.'s Blinken congratulates new Israeli prime minister Lapid» (en English). Reuters. 1 de July de 2022. Consultado el 2 de July de 2022.
- ↑ Hadas Gold (July 2022). «A leader for all Israelis? Yair Lapid takes over as caretaker prime minister». CNN. Consultado el 2 de July de 2022.
- ↑ «UEFA Women's EURO moved to July 2022». UEFA. 23 de April de 2020. Consultado el 29 de May de 2020.
- ↑ «World Games 2021 Fact Sheet». The World Games 2021 Official Site. Archivado desde el original el 14 de August de 2019. Consultado el 13 de January de 2022. Parámetro desconocido
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ignorado (ayuda) - ↑ «Boris Johnson resigns: Five things that led to the PM's downfall». BBC News. 7 de July de 2022.
- ↑ Meredith, Sam (7 de July de 2022). «UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson resigns». CNBC.
- ↑ «As it happened: suspect used handmade gun to kill Abe – police». BBC News. 8 de July de 2022.
- ↑ Garner, Rob (12 de July de 2022). «NASA's Webb Delivers Deepest Infrared Image of Universe Yet». NASA. Consultado el 14 de July de 2022.
- ↑ «2022 Indian presidential election result | Updates». The Hindu (en en-IN). 21 de July de 2022. ISSN 0971-751X. Consultado el 29 de July de 2022.
- ↑ «Heatwave: Ferocious European heat heads north». BBC News. 19 de July de 2022. Consultado el 19 de July de 2022.
- ↑ «EU saw 53,000 excess deaths in July amid record heatwave: report - National | Globalnews.ca». Global News. 16 de September de 2022.
- ↑ «Sri Lanka: Ranil Wickremesinghe elected president by MPs». BBC News (en British English). 20 de July de 2022. Consultado el 20 de July de 2022.
- ↑ «Sri Lanka's president Gotabaya Rajapaksa officially resigns». The Guardian (en English). 15 de July de 2022. Consultado el 20 de July de 2022.
- ↑ «Eurozone raises interest rates for first time in 11 years». BBC News (en British English). 21 de July de 2022. Consultado el 21 de July de 2022.
- ↑ Davis, Nicola; Miranda Bryant (23 de July de 2022). «Monkeypox declared global health emergency by WHO as cases surge». The Observer. Consultado el 23 de July de 2022.
- ↑ «The 27 July 2022 Magnitude 7.0 Northwestern Luzon Earthquake (7 Aug 2022) - Philippines | ReliefWeb». reliefweb.int (en English). Consultado el 10 de April de 2023.
- ↑ «Commonwealth Games: Birmingham set for Thursday's opening ceremony». BBC Sport. 28 de July de 2022.
- ↑ Yawar, Mohammad Yunus; Idrees Ali; Jeff Mason (3 de August de 2022). «U.S. kills al Qaeda leader Zawahiri in Kabul drone missile strike». Reuters. Consultado el 1 de August de 2022.
- ↑ «China launches ballistic missiles during Taiwan drills». BBC News. 4 de August de 2022. Consultado el 4 de August de 2022.
- ↑ «Taiwan confirms multiple Chinese missile launches into waters of Taiwan strait during military drills – live». The Guardian. 4 de August de 2022. Consultado el 4 de August de 2022.
- ↑ «Peru PM resigns as investigations target President Castillo». Reuters. 3 de August de 2022.
- ↑ «Israel-Gaza: Ceasefire holds overnight after days of violence». BBC News. 7 de August de 2022.
- ↑ Knell, Yolande; Berg, Raffi (5 de August de 2022). «Gaza: Palestinian militant killed as Israel strikes after threats». BBC News. Consultado el 5 de August de 2022.
- ↑ Dixon, Loshaun (6 de August de 2022). «Dr Terrance Drew Sworn in as fourth PM». The St Kitts Nevis Observer (en en-US). Consultado el 20 de September de 2022.
- ↑ «IEBC officially gazettes William Ruto as the President-Elect». 16 de August de 2022.
- ↑ «Ruto declared Kenya president-elect as officials dispute outcome». Bloomberg.com. 15 de August de 2022.
- ↑ «Mass brawl erupts after Kenyan election as tortured body found amid protests». Daily Mirror. 16 de August de 2022.
- ↑ «Real Madrid vs. Eintracht Frankfurt - Football Match Summary». 10 de August de 2022.
- ↑ Goodman, Joshua (12 de August de 2022). «Author Salman Rushdie attacked on lecture stage in New York» (en English). Associated Press. Archivado desde el original el 12 de August de 2022. Consultado el 12 de August de 2022. Parámetro desconocido
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ignorado (ayuda) - ↑ Staniszewski, Eugene J. (12 de August de 2022). «State Police are investigating an attack on author Salman Rushdie» (en English). New York State Police Newsroom. Archivado desde el original el 12 de August de 2022. Consultado el 12 de August de 2022. Parámetro desconocido
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ignorado (ayuda) - ↑ «Turkey, Israel to restore full diplomatic relations» (en English). Al Jazeera. Consultado el 23 de August de 2022.
- ↑ «Montenegro Government Toppled by No-Confidence Vote». Balkan Insight (en en-US). 19 de August de 2022. Consultado el 20 de August de 2022.
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- ↑ «Format, venue of Asia Cup 2022 and 2023 confirmed». Cricketpakistan.com.pk. 15 de October de 2021. Consultado el 7 de February de 2022.
- ↑ «Pakistan floods: Appeals for aid as 119 more die in a day». BBC News. 28 de August de 2022. Consultado el 28 de August de 2022.
- ↑ «Pakistan declares floods a 'climate catastrophe' as death toll tops 1,000». The Guardian. 28 de August de 2022. Consultado el 28 de August de 2022.
- ↑ «China's treatment of Uyghur community 'may constitute crimes against humanity', UN says». Sky News (en English). Consultado el 1 de September de 2022.
- ↑ Alex Stambaugh; Julia Horowitz; Michelle Toh (2 de September de 2022). «G7 countries agree to cap the price of Russian oil». CNN Business. Consultado el 2 de September de 2022.
- ↑ «2022 China Earthquake». Center for Disaster Philanthropy (en en-US). Consultado el 7 de February de 2023.
- ↑ Hughes, David (5 de September de 2022). «Truss wins Tory leadership race and faces daunting challenge as PM». The Independent. Consultado el 5 de September de 2022.
- ↑ «Britain's new monarch to be known as King Charles III». Reuters. 8 de September de 2022. Consultado el 8 de September de 2022.
- ↑ «Queen Elizabeth II has died». BBC News.
- ↑ «Magdalena Andersson: Swedish PM resigns as right-wing parties win vote». BBC News. 15 de September de 2022. Consultado el 15 de September de 2022.
- ↑ «Armenia says 105 troops killed in Azerbaijan border clashes». BBC News. 15 de September de 2022. Consultado el 15 de September de 2022.
- ↑ «Kyrgyzstan says death toll from border conflict rises to 36». Reuters. Consultado el 18 de September de 2022.
- ↑ «Hurricane Fiona: Canada hit by 'historic, extreme event'». BBC News (en British English). 24 de September de 2022. Consultado el 29 de September de 2022.
- ↑ «The Protests in Iran Have Shaken the Islamic Republic to Its Core». Time. Consultado el 25 de September de 2022.
- ↑ «Queen's funeral plans: What will happen on the day». BBC News (en British English). 16 de September de 2022. Consultado el 18 de September de 2022.
- ↑ «Queen Elizabeth II's funeral may be the most-watched broadcast of all time». finance.yahoo.com (en en-US). Consultado el 30 de October de 2022.
- ↑ «Ukraine war live: Putin announces 'partial mobilisation' of Russia and threatens nuclear retaliation saying 'I'm not bluffing'». The Guardian. 21 de September de 2022. Consultado el 21 de September de 2022.
- ↑ «Nauru's new President takes oath» (en en-nz). Radio New Zealand. 29 de September de 2022. Consultado el 29 de September de 2022.
- ↑ «Italy's Mattarella dissolves parliament, election set for 25 September». Euronews. 21 de July de 2022. Consultado el 22 de July de 2022.
- ↑ D'Emilio, Frances; Winfield, Nicole; Zampano, Giada (26 de September de 2022). «Italy shifts to the right as voters reward Meloni's party». Associated Press. Consultado el 26 de September de 2022.
- ↑ Horowitz, Jason (25 de September de 2022). «Giorgia Meloni Wins Voting in Italy, in Breakthrough for Europe's Hard Right». The New York Times. Archivado desde el original el 27 de September de 2022. Consultado el 27 de September de 2022. Parámetro desconocido
|url-status=
ignorado (ayuda) - ↑ Lemire, Jonathan (26 de September de 2022). «White House anxiously watches Meloni's rise to power». Politico. Consultado el 27 de September de 2022.
- ↑ «Italy election: Meloni says center-right bloc has 'clear' mandate». Deutsche Welle. 26 de September de 2022. Consultado el 26 de September de 2022.
- ↑ Leali, Giorgio; Roberts, Hannah (25 de September de 2022). «Italy on track to elect most right-wing government since Mussolini». Politico. Consultado el 27 de September de 2022.
- ↑ Braithwaite, Sharon; DiDonato, Valentina; Fox, Kara; Mortensen, Antonia; Nadeau, Barbie Latza; Ruotolo, Nicola (26 de September de 2022). «Giorgia Meloni claims victory to become Italy's most far-right prime minister since Mussolini». CNN. Consultado el 26 de September de 2022.
- ↑ «NASA's DART Mission Hits Asteroid in First-Ever Planetary Defense Test». NASA. 26 de September de 2022. Consultado el 26 de September de 2022.
- ↑ Liboreiro, Jorge (27 de September de 2022). «Explosions recorded before discovery of major Baltic Sea gas leaks». euronews. Consultado el 10 de January de 2023.
- ↑ «Historic search-and-rescue operation underway as Ian's death toll reaches 87». NBC News. Archivado desde el original el 3 de October de 2022. Consultado el 3 de October de 2022.
- ↑ Salahieh, Nouran (4 de October de 2022). «Hurricane Ian's death toll rises as crews in Florida go door to door in search for survivors in decimated neighborhoods» (en English). CNN. Consultado el 4 de October de 2022.
- ↑ Trevelyan, Mark (28 de September de 2022). «Moscow's proxies in occupied Ukraine regions report big votes to join Russia». Reuters.
- ↑ «Kremlin announces vote, paves way to annex part of Ukraine». Associated Press. 27 de September de 2022.
- ↑ Troianovski, Anton (30 de September de 2022). «Putin Frames Illegal Annexation as Part of Existential Battle with West». The New York Times.
- ↑ «Putin signs decrees paving way for annexing Ukraine territories of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia». The Guardian. 29 de September de 2022.
- ↑ «Burkina Faso army captain announces overthrow of military government» (en English). Reuters. 30 de September de 2022. Consultado el 30 de September de 2022.
- ↑ Novelize, Andry (3 de October de 2022). «Fakta-Fakta Tragedi Kanjuruhan Tewaskan 125 Orang, Ratusan Terluka» [Kanjuruhan Tragedy Kills 125 People, Hundreds Injured]. Jakarta: CNN Indonesia. Consultado el 3 de October de 2022.
- ↑ Budi, Mulia (7 de October de 2022). «Update Data Korban Tragedi Kanjuruhan: 131 Orang Meninggal, 547 Luka» [Update on the Victims of the Kanjuruhan Tragedy: 131 People Died, 547 Injured]. detik.com. Consultado el 7 de October de 2022.
- ↑ Meredith, Sam. «OPEC+ to cut oil production by 2 million barrels per day to shore up prices, defying U.S. pressure». CNBC (en English). Consultado el 5 de October de 2022.
- ↑ «Blast causes only Crimea-Russia bridge to collapse». BBC News. 8 de October de 2022. Consultado el 8 de October de 2022.
- ↑ Adams, Paul (10 de October de 2022). «Shock and horror after Russia's wave of strikes across Ukraine». BBC News (Kyiv). Consultado el 10 de October de 2022.
- ↑ Ling Li (11 de November de 2021). «How Xi Jinping could rule China for life». The Washington Post. Consultado el 11 de November de 2021.
- ↑ Jeremy Page; Lingling Wei; Chun Han Wong (18 de October de 2017). «Chinese Power Play: Xi Sets Stage for a More Muscular Role at Home and Abroad». Wall Street Journal (en en-US). ISSN 0099-9660. Consultado el 15 de January de 2022.
- ↑ «China to hold 20th CCP Congress on October 16». Al Mayadeen. 30 de August de 2022.
- ↑ «Xi Jinping elected general secretary of CPC Central Committee: communique». Xinhua News Agency. 23 de October de 2022. Consultado el 23 de October de 2022.
- ↑ Error de Lua en Módulo:Citation/CS1/Configuration en la línea 2083: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ↑ «Sunak is next PM as Mordaunt drops out of leadership race». BBC News (en English). 24 de October de 2022. Consultado el 24 de October de 2022.
- ↑ «Elon Musk completes $44bn Twitter takeover». BBC News (en English). 28 de October de 2022. Consultado el 28 de October de 2022.
- ↑ «Diamond magnate Sam Matekane takes over as Lesotho's prime minister». www.aa.com.tr.
- ↑ «At Least 149 Dead, 76 Injured in Stampede in Itaewon, Seoul». KBS World. 30 de October de 2022. Consultado el 30 de October de 2022.
- ↑ «At Least 100 Killed in Mogadishu Bombing, President Says» (en English). VOA. Consultado el 30 de October de 2022.
- ↑ «At least 100 killed and 300 injured as Somalia's capital hit by two explosions». Sky News (en English). Consultado el 30 de October de 2022.
- ↑ «Russia suspends Ukraine grain deal over ship attack claim». Associated Press. 30 de October de 2022. Consultado el 30 de October de 2022.
- ↑ Araujo, Gabriel; Marcello, Maria Carolina (3 de October de 2022). «Brazil markets soar as Bolsonaro's strong showing sparks runoff vote». Reuters.
- ↑ Paraguassu, Lisandra; Stargardter, Gabriel (30 de October de 2022). «Lula defeats Bolsonaro in Brazil's runoff election, pollster Datafolha says» (en English). Reuters. Consultado el 30 de October de 2022.
- ↑ «Over 100 people die in Morbi bridge collapse, says Gujarat Information Department». The Economic Times. 31 de October de 2022. Consultado el 31 de October de 2022.
- ↑ «India in shock as bridge disaster toll rises to 141». BBC News. 31 de October de 2022. Consultado el 31 de October de 2022.
- ↑ «Netanyahu seems on track to be Israel's next prime minister». The Economist.
- ↑ «Netanyahu, Ben Gvir win marks the elevation of Jewish Israel above democratic Israel». The Times of Israel.
- ↑ «With 86% of votes tallied, Netanyahu headed for decisive comeback victory». The Times of Israel.
- ↑ «Benjamin Netanyahu sworn in as leader of Israel's likely most right-wing government ever». CNN. 29 de December de 2022.
- ↑ Murray, Adrienne; Davis, Alys (2 de November de 2022). «Denmark election: Centre-left bloc comes out on top». BBC News. Consultado el 24 de November de 2022.
- ↑ «Danish left-wing bloc retains a majority in parliament». France 24. 2 de November de 2022. Consultado el 24 de November de 2022.
- ↑ York, Geoffrey (2 de November de 2022). «Ethiopia and Tigray sign peace agreement in bid to end devastating war». The Globe and Mail. Archivado desde el original el 2 de November de 2022.
- ↑ «Official version of AU-led Ethiopia peace agreement». Addis Standard. 4 de November de 2022. Archivado desde el original el 1 de January de 2023.
- ↑ Dickie, Gloria (26 de October de 2022). «COP27: World on track to increase emissions 10.6% by 2030 - UN report» (en English). Reuters. Consultado el 31 de October de 2022.
- ↑ Friedman, Lisa (31 de October de 2022). «What Is COP27? And Other Questions About the Big U.N. Climate Summit». The New York Times. Consultado el 31 de October de 2022.
- ↑ Osipovich, Alexander (20 de July de 2017). «Crypto Exchange FTX Valued at $18 Billion in Funding Round». The Wall Street Journal (en en-US). ISSN 0099-9660. Consultado el 28 de December de 2022.
- ↑ Hill, Jeremy (11 de November de 2022). «FTX Goes Bankrupt in Stunning Reversal for Crypto Exchange». Bloomberg News. Consultado el 28 de December de 2022.
- ↑ Khalili, Joel (11 de November de 2022). «The Fallout of the FTX Collapse». Wired. Consultado el 28 de December de 2022.
- ↑ Chatterjee, Sumeet; Davies, Megan; Aftab, Ahmed; McCrank, John; Nguyen, Lananh; Howcroft, Elizabeth; Azhar, Saeed; Sinclair Foley, John (2 de December de 2022). «After FTX collapse, pressure builds for tougher crypto rules». Reuters. Consultado el 28 de December de 2022.
- ↑ «Ukraine military in Kherson after Russian retreat». BBC News. 11 de November de 2022. Consultado el 11 de November de 2022.
- ↑ «Russian forces retreat from key Ukrainian city of Kherson». CNN. 11 de November de 2022. Consultado el 11 de November de 2022.
- ↑ «As the 8 billionth child is born, who were 5th, 6th and 7th?». BBC News. 15 de November de 2022. Consultado el 15 de November de 2022.
- ↑ «8 Billion: A World of Infinite Possibilities». United Nations Population Fund. 15 de November de 2022. Consultado el 15 de November de 2022.
- ↑ «India to host G20 Summit in 2023, year after 2022 meeting in Indonesia: Grouping's declaration - World News , Firstpost». Firstpost. 23 de November de 2020. Consultado el 14 de March de 2021.
- ↑ «Nasa: Artemis Moon rocket lifts off Earth». BBC News. 16 de November de 2022. Consultado el 16 de November de 2022.
- ↑ «Nasa Artemis 1 launch: rocket lifts off on moon mission – as it happened». The Guardian. 16 de November de 2022. Consultado el 16 de November de 2022.
- ↑ Chen, Heather; Stambaugh, Alex (20 de November de 2022). «Malaysia faces hung parliament for the first time in history». CNN. Consultado el 24 de November de 2022.
- ↑ «Anwar Ibrahim sworn in as Malaysia's 10th Prime Minister». New Straits Times. 24 de November de 2022. Consultado el 24 de November de 2022.
- ↑ «I Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe Mar y Playa 2022». Santa Marta 2022. 19 de November de 2022. Consultado el 19 de November de 2022.
- ↑ «FIFA Executive Committee confirms November/December event period for Qatar 2022». FIFA. 19 de March de 2015. Archivado desde el original el 20 de March de 2015. Parámetro desconocido
|url-status=
ignorado (ayuda) - ↑ «Congress reaches out to Janamat Party chief Raut to discuss new government». Kathmandu Post. 1 de December de 2022. Consultado el 7 de December de 2022.
- ↑ «Ruling Nepali Congress emerges as largest party; wins 57 seats under direct voting in Nepal's House of Representatives polls». The Hindu. 5 de December de 2022. Consultado el 8 de December de 2022.
- ↑ Vanian, Jonathan. «Why tech insiders are so excited about ChatGPT, a chatbot that answers questions and writes essays». CNBC (en English). Consultado el 7 de February de 2023.
- ↑ «OpenAI's ChatGPT, launched last week, used by over 1 million in 6 days: CEO». Hindustan Times (en English). 5 de December de 2022. Consultado el 7 de February de 2023.
- ↑ «Ukraine war: Price cap on Russian oil will hit Putin immediately - US». BBC News. 3 de December de 2022. Consultado el 3 de December de 2022.
- ↑ «Fusion energy breakthrough by US scientists boosts clean power hopes». Financial Times. 11 de December de 2022.
- ↑ «US scientists reach long-awaited nuclear fusion breakthrough, source says | CNN Politics». CNN. 12 de December de 2022.
- ↑ «December 13, 2022 US officials announce nuclear fusion breakthrough». CNN. 13 de December de 2022.
- ↑ «Peru's President impeached and arrested after he attempts to dissolve Congress». CNN. 7 de December de 2022.
- ↑ «China eases anti-COVID measures following protests». AP NEWS (en English). 7 de December de 2022. Consultado el 7 de December de 2022.
- ↑ «China Covid: Protests continue in major cities across the country». BBC News. 27 de November de 2022.
- ↑ Kelly, Fiach. «Martin to step down as Taoiseach in December 2022». The Irish Times.
- ↑ «Cop15: historic deal struck to halt biodiversity loss by 2030». The Guardian. 19 de December de 2022. Consultado el 19 de December de 2022.
- ↑ «COP15: Nations reach 'historic' deal to protect nature». BBC News. 19 de December de 2022. Consultado el 19 de December de 2022.
- ↑ Gray, Aya Elamroussi,Jennifer (21 de December de 2022). «A 'once in a generation' winter storm will impact nearly every state and cripple Christmas travel». CNN (en English). Consultado el 1 de January de 2023.
- ↑ Solis, Marie (1 de January de 2023). «The Week in Business: Southwest's Holiday Meltdown». The New York Times (en en-US). ISSN 0362-4331. Consultado el 1 de January de 2023.
- ↑ Craymer, Lucy; Needham, Kirsty (23 de December de 2022). «Fiji's Rabuka expected to be next prime minister after king-maker party support». Reuters.
- ↑ «Brazilian football legend Pele dies at age 82». www.aljazeera.com (en English). Consultado el 10 de May de 2023.
- ↑ Cora Engelbrecht; Euan Ward; Oliver Whang (5 de October de 2022). «Nobel Prize in Chemistry Is Awarded to 3 Scientists for Work 'Snapping Molecules Together'». The New York Times. Consultado el 5 de October de 2022.
- ↑ Peter Bofinger (17 de October de 2022). «A noble award for a 'popular misconception'». Social Europe (en English). Consultado el 20 de October de 2022.
- ↑ «Annie Ernaux wins the 2022 Nobel prize in literature». The Guardian. 6 de October de 2022.
- ↑ Sam Jones (7 de October de 2022). «Nobel peace prize 2022 awarded to human rights campaigners in Ukraine, Russia and Belarus – live». The Guardian. Consultado el 7 de October de 2022.
- ↑ Nicola Davis (4 de October de 2022). «Three scientists share physics Nobel prize for quantum mechanics work». The Guardian. Consultado el 30 de December de 2022.
- ↑ «Nobel Prize goes to Svante Paabo for Neanderthal work». BBC News (en English). 4 de October de 2022. Consultado el 5 de October de 2022.
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